At the table tonight, I doubled...not really thinking penalty so much as showing values with no real direction to go (so clearly suggesting a heart holding but absence of diamond stopper since I didn't bid NT). Others at the table universally thought this "negative double" showed 4 spades. We did poorly in our 3-3 spade fit when we had a 9-card heart fit (pd was 3433 w/ something close to KQx AJTx xxx Axx).
Post-match I checked BWS and if reading it right I believe it says this X is penalty (not that we had agreed BWS but wanted to consult some source).
So the questions:
1. With Standard American as base and no discussion of anything close to this, what is the right bid here?
2. What is best use of X?
3. With this start to the auction is there any way to find our heart fit after RHO bids them?
4. If pd had passed (as I would have), is there any way to find heart fit?

Help

(1♦) X (1♥) ?